Izixhumi zangokwezifiso zivamile kumasistimu asebenza kahle kakhulu
Abaqambi bavame ukuzama ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana okujwayelekile emikhiqizweni yabo yokugcina. Abantu abaningi bacaphuna ukusebenziseka ukuchaza ukuthi kungani benamathela emikhiqizweni evamile engekho eshalofini. Kwesinye isikhathi, nokho, awukho umkhiqizo ojwayelekile ohlangabezana nezidingo zedizayini yesistimu futhi kukhethwa ukuxhumana okungokwezifiso noma okulungisiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezixhumi ezingajwayelekile kuvame kakhulu kunalokho abaklami abaningi becabanga. Isibonelo, cishe amaphesenti angama-25 okuthengiswa kwe-Samtec yimikhiqizo engeyona ejwayelekile, kusukela ekulungisweni okuncane kwemikhiqizo ekhona kuya kumasistimu okuxhuma amasha ngokuphelele. Le mikhiqizo ihlanganisa izinhlelo ze-board-to-board (sandwich) ezihamba ngesivinini esiphezulu, amakhebula anesivinini esiphezulu, amaphaneli e-backplane kanye nezinhlelo zekhebula, amaphinikhodi anezicucu ezimbili kanye nezinhlelo zesokhethi, ama-cable cable assemblies (okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-transceivers optical aphakathi kwebhodi" kumhlahlandlela omusha we-optical ka-Samtec), nezixhumi ze-RF namakhebula okuhlanganisa.
Abaklami bamasistimu anesivinini esikhulu (isilinganiso sedatha engu-112 Gb/s ngesiteshi ngasinye i-PAM4, 224 esizayo) njengezikhungo zedatha, amakhompiyutha amakhulu, okokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kokuhlola, nokuthwebula kwezokwelapha ngokuvamile basebenzisa amakhebula anesivinini esiphezulu ukuze kudluliselwe inani elikhulu ledatha kudatha ephezulu. amanani.
Nakuba kunezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlanganisa amakhebula anesivinini esiphezulu, amakhasimende amaningi acacisa izinguquko kule mikhiqizo evamile. Ukuguqulwa okujwayelekile kufaka phakathi imiklamo ye-PCB yangokwezifiso yemephu yephini yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile, ukubeka izihlahla ezivikelayo eduze kwezintambo ezimbili eziphambuka kancane, noma ukwengeza amalebula kuzixhumi nezintambo ukukhomba izingxenye zezinombolo noma ukunikeza imiyalelo, ukusho nje ezimbalwa kwamakhulu okungenzeka. izinguquko ezingenziwa.
Okunye ukuguqulwa okudumile ukuxuba nokufanisa ukuphela kwe-1 nokuqeda izixhumi ezingu-2 zengxenye. Isibonelo, isixhumi sephaneli yangaphambili ye-Flyover® QSFP-DD singanqanyulwa kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezixhumi ze-end-2 ezixinene kakhulu ezibekwe eduze ne-chip. Abaklami badinga izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumi zamasistimu okuxhuma amaphaneli angaphambili, aphakathi, nangemuva.
Amasistimu anesivinini esikhulu esinqunyiwe adinga isizukulwane esilandelayo sezixhumi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi badizayina izinhlelo zokusebenza "eziqondile" ezengeziwe ezifana ne-industrial automation, amarobhothi, imikhiqizo eshumekiwe, kanye nezinhlelo zombono nezokuvikela. Lawa mabhokisi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukuxhumana okuyisisekelo okungokwesiko okuyisisekelo, okufana namatheminali eposi ayisikwele (" izixhumi ") namabhodi anesokhethi. Idizayini elula yale mikhiqizo - ama-insulators epulasitiki omugqa we-strip kanye nemigqa emaphakathi engeyona encane (isb, 2.54 noma 2.00mm eno-1.00 noma 0.80mm pitch) - yenza ukulungisa kube lula futhi kusheshe, futhi ngenxa yalokho kungabizi.
Izinguquko ezidumile zihlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaphini amaningi - izikhonkwane zokususa - ukuvumela ukufaka ukhiye, ukugeleza komoya, imephu yesignali, nesikhala esengeziwe sokudluliswa kwamandla noma ibanga lokuqhekeka kanye nemvume ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga okuphepha nokulawula. Abaklami abaningi abasebenzisa izixhumi zeleveli yebhodi bazama ukuhlangabezana nemininingwane ye-UL kanye ne-CE 61800-5-1, ecacisa ibanga elidala kanye nebanga lokuvunyelwa kwebanga lezinto ezibonakalayo, i-voltage yokusebenza, nezinga lokungcoliswa.
Okunye ukuguqulwa okudumile ukungezwa kokuqondanisa kanye nezici ze-polarization ezifana nesihlangu, ukungenisa, nokusekelwa kwepulaki eyimpumputhe, kanye nenhlanganisela yamandla nezikhonkwane zesignali zibe isixhumi esisodwa. Ukuhlanganisa amandla nezikhonkwane zesignali kusistimu yesixhumi esisodwa konga isikhala se-PCB futhi kuthuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwamaqembu okuxhumanisa okufanayo.
Izixhumi eziningi zebhodi ukuya ebhodini zinokucushwa okuklanywe ngokucophelela kwesignali kuya emhlabathini ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kwe-SI (ubuqotho besignali), okudinga ukuguqulwa kwemodi ephansi ukuze kuncishiswe umsindo okhipha imisebe noma ukuzwela emsindweni. Uma kudingeka ukusebenza okwengeziwe kokuvikela, isixhumi singafakwa kusivikelo sensimbi sangaphandle esigoqa lonke uhlelo lwesixhumi sokukhwelana ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela ye-EMI ne-EMC.
I-Electroplating ingenye ukuguqulwa okuvamile; Lokhu kuhlanganisa igolide elinzima, isiliva ne-palladium nickel, phakathi kokunye. Abaklami abaningi bahlose imijikelezo ephezulu, ukuvikela ezindaweni ezinokhahlo, ukushaqeka nokudlidliza, namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza.
Izixhumi ze-RF namakhebula ahlanganisayo avame ukuguqulwa. Izidingo ezijwayelekile zifaka izixhumi zokuxhuma ezibekwe emigqeni emaphakathi eqinile noma ezinenombolo eyinqaba yamaphini. Abaklami bavame ukudinga izixhumi zethu ze-RF ezixhumanisayo, njenge-MagnumRF™ noma izinhlelo zamaphuzu okuhlola e-Bullseye®, ukuba zibe nezibalo eziqondile zendawo, izikhala, nezakhiwo ezingokwezifiso. Lokhu kungase kuzivumele ukuthi zehlise ubude bezintambo noma zifake isixhumi endaweni elinganiselwe ku-PCB, okuvumela isixhumi ukuthi sibekwe eduze ne-chip. Izintambo ezifaniswa nezigaba kanye nokulebula nakho kuyizinguquko ezivamile ze-RF.
Zonke izibonelo ezibalulwe ngenhla ziyizinguquko kuzixhumi ezikhona. Amanye amasistimu adinga izixhumi ezintsha ngokuphelele, ezingase zihlanganisa izikhonkwane zangokwezifiso nezingxenye zokugxiviza, izivikeli zepulasitiki nezindlu, i-RF yangokwezifiso, insimbi, amaphakheji akhethekile, izindlu zangokwezifiso namaphakheji, nokuningi. Sebenzisana eduze nomhlinzeki wakho wesixhumi ukuze udale isixazululo esifanelekile soxhumano ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kwesistimu.