Electroplating ke eng?
Ka mantsoe a bonolo, electroplating e bua ka karabelo ea electrolytic ka tharollo ka thuso ea hona joale e tobileng ea kantle ho kenya tšepe kapa lesela la alloy holim'a mokhanni o kang tšepe.
Seo ho thoeng ke electrolytic reaction e bua ka "ts'ebeliso ea hona joale e khahlileng ho baka karabelo e sa reroang ea REDOX".
Ntho e tšoaroang ka holim'a metsi e ka ba tšepe (joaloka tšepe) kapa e seng tšepe (joaloka polasetiki).
Mefuta ea phekolo ea holim'a metsi:
Plating, Electroplating, Auto-catalytic Plating, Chemical Plating, Electroless Plating, Electroless Plating, Anodizing, Chemical Conversion Coating, Blackening, Phosphating, Chromating, Metal Colouring, Pente Finishing, Hot Dip (Galvanizing, Physiopy, Ho pata ,Ione Plating, Chemical Vapor Deposition...
Mekhoa ea ho etsa electroplating:
Phekolo ea Pele:
Pele ho plating, bokaholimo ba plating, joalo ka mafura kapa lerōle, bo tlameha ho hloekisoa hantle. Mokhahlelo oa pele ho kalafo hangata o kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea ho theola alkaline ea pele, ho theola motlakase le ho khetha ho tlosa mafome le mafome, le mekhoa e meng ea ts'ebetso ea holim'a metsi. Ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong pele ho kalafo e entsoe ho latela mofuta oa plating le mokhoa o latelang oa ho pola. Ntle le moo, likarolo tse ling tsa plating joalo ka aluminium, tšepe e sa hloekang kapa sekhomaretsi sa ABS li hloka kalafo e khethehileng.
Ho tlosa mocheso o chesang:
Haholo-holo ke tšebeliso ea alkali le saponification ea oli ea saponification ho tlosa litšila tse holim'a tšepe le li-oxide, tse lokelang ho ba le liphello tsa ho kolobisa, ho kenella, ho hasana le ho emulsification.
Lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo: sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, gluconate le silicate, joalo-joalo Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mathata a tikoloho, tsamaiso ea phosphate e tla felisoa butle-butle. Haholo-holo e sebelisa matla a alkaline ho sebetsa ho li-substrates tse fapaneng.
Seo ho thoeng ke sebopeho se sebetsang se sebetsang ke emulsifier, se ka aroloa ka cationic, anionic, cationic le non-ionic interface e sebetsang moemeli. E lokela ho ba le phello ea ho hasana le emulsification, ho qoba oli e phaphametseng holim'a metsi a phekoloang, ho fokotsa ho tlosoa, le ho fokotsa bothata ba ho hlatsoa ka mor'a moo.
Electrolytic degreasing:
Ka lebaka la electrolysis, cathode hlahisa hydrogen ho fokotsa tšepe (stainless tšepe poleiti), le anode hlahisa oksijene le oxidizes litšila (likarolo); Khase e tsamaisa ketso e susumetsang 'me e tlosa litšila. Mosebetsi oa lye ke ho hloekisa oli. Leha ho le joalo, cathode ka 'na hlahisa lintho tse bonahalang hydrogenation, ho kheloha hona joale hlahisa liphello tse fapaneng degreasing,' me khase le moholi mokelikeli generated ka nako e tšoanang baka likotsi tsa sechaba le ho phatloha likotsi, e leng lokela ho nkoa ha ho sebelisoa.
Hona joale, ho chesa hot-dip degreasing le electrolytic degreasing li sebelisoa hammoho. Boleng ba electroplating bo botle kapa bo bobe, 50% e itšetlehile ka pele ho phekolo.
Kenyelletso:
Kakaretso ea substrate activation e boetse e tsejoa e le pickling, neutralization ea acid kapa etching, ho itšetlehile ka sehlahisoa le thepa e phekoloang. E ka tlosa oxide le letsoai holim'a tšepe holim'a tšepe, e le hore tšepe e be bonolo ho koala le tšepe e latelang ea electroplating. Leha ho le joalo, hoa hlokahala ho khetha ka hloko acid e loketseng le corrosion inhibitor ho qoba khoholeho e feteletseng ea substrate, e leng se bakang mathata a latelang a electroplating.
Electroplating:
Electroplating ke mokhoa oa ho kenya tšepe e tšesaane holim'a mokhanni ho khabisa plating kapa ho thibela mafome. Electroplating e tloaelehileng ea tšepe Hong Kong e kenyelletsa nickel, koporo, koporo, chromium, zinki, silevera le khauta. Ho phaella ho electroplating, phekolo e tloaelehileng ea tšepe holim'a tšepe ke electroplating, anodizing le penta.
Copper plating:
Haholo-holo ka bateng ea cyanide, bateng ea sulfuric acid le pyrophosphoric acid bath. Bate ea cyanide e loketse bakeng sa tšepe le zinki alloy substrate plating. Ka sesebelisoa se loketseng sa gloss, ho ka fumanoa ho roala boreleli. Ho lumellana ha ho roala ho lokile, botsitso ba tharollo ea plating bo 'nile ba sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata, empa tharollo ea plating e na le chefo e ngata ea cyanide, litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ntle le ho roala le ho roala pele ho nkeloa sebaka butle-butle.
Bate ea sulfuric acid e nang le li-additives tse loketseng, ho tlatsa holimo le ho phatsima, theko e tlaase, tsamaiso e bonolo, litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo libotong tsa potoloho, mekhabiso, electroforming le masimo a mang.
Pyrophosphoric acid bath e nang le li-additives tse loketseng. E sebelisoa ka mapolanka a potoloho. Leha ho le joalo, phekolo ea metsi a litšila e thata, ho phaella ho zinc alloy bottom plating, e lokelang ho nkeloa sebaka ke bate ea sulfuric acid.
Nickel plating:
Haholo-holo sulfuric acid bath, Vaz bath e le moemeli oa eona, theko e tlaase ea tharollo ea plating, tsamaiso e bonolo, e sebelisoang haholo mererong e mengata ea indasteri le mekhabiso, bakeng sa likarolo tsa elektronike le litlhoko tsa electroforming, sulfenic acid bath e nang le khatello e tlaase, ductility e phahameng, ho tiisa hamolemo. le foromo e phahameng ea mahloriso, e nkile sebaka sa bate ea sulfuric acid.
Thepa ea gloss le flatness ea ho roala nickel haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka lisebelisoa tsa nickel.
Li-additives tse akaretsang tsa nickel plating li ka aroloa ka BRIGHTENER, CARRIER le moemeli oa WETTING. Khafetsa le bongata ba mokelikeli bo kentsoeng bo ipapisitse le ho thatafala ha substrate, botenya bo lakatsehang, le khanya e hlokahalang le ho batalla. Tharollo ea plating e lokela ho hlahlojoa le ho eketsoa khafetsa ho boloka mohopolo o sebetsang oa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka tharollo ea ho roala ho boloka boleng ba ho roala.
Gild:
Haholo-holo ka bateng ea cyanide, e arotsoe ka alkaline, e sa nke lehlakore le e nang le asiti. Ho phaella ho li-ion tsa khauta (tseo hangata li tsejoang e le letsoai la khauta), tharollo ea plating e lokela ho ba le letsoai la conductive, letsoai la conductive le leka-lekaneng (letsoai la buffer), moemeli oa gloss; Ho phaella moo, moemeli oa gloss o ka aroloa ka li-additives tsa organic le alloy.
Letsoai la khauta: potasiamo ea cyanide ea khauta, ho fana ka tlatsetso bakeng sa pula ea khauta, kahoo ha e pentiloe ka khauta, anode hangata ke anode e bohlasoa.
Letsoai la conductive: le fana ka phello ea conductive ka har'a tharollo ea plating.
Letsoai le leka-lekaneng la conductive: ho fana ka tekanyo ea acid-base ka bateng, phello ea conductive.
Gloss agent (organic) : ho fana ka khanya le ho bata.
Gloss agent (alloy) : e fana ka phetoho ea mebala, ho thatafala ho sebelisoa.
Homogeneity ea bath ea alkaline e ntle, 'me ha ho bonolo ho eutectoid ka litšila tse kang tšepe. Bate ea ho se nke lehlakore e ka etsoa eutectosed ho theha alloy coating. Acid bath e ka boela ea theha alloy barbet, plating e teteaneng, e nang le thepa e betere ea ho tiisa, ho thatafala le ho roala ho hanyetsa li ntle haholo, haholo-holo tse loketseng litlhoko tsa likarolo tsa elektroniki.
Postprocessing:
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa phekolo ka mor'a phekolo ke ho omisa plating le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ho qetela. Maemong a mang, workpiece e hloka ho fetoloa kapa ho penta ka mor'a electroplating ho fana ka lera le sireletsang.
Phekolo ea filimi e boetse e le khetho ea ho boloka lesela le hanyetsanang le ho senyeha ha mebala le khoholeho ea mobu ho tsoa tšilafalo ea tikoloho. Leha ho le joalo, tlhokomelo e lokela ho nkoa ho qoba mathata kalafong e latelang. Ba bangata ba ka mor'a ho sebetsa, ba tlameha ho amohela spray ea letsoai, setsi sa acid, mocheso o phahameng le liteko tse ling, haholo-holo lihlahisoa tsa tšepe tsa bohlokoa, litlhoko li ntse li eketseha.
Hloekisa:
Ho hloekisa ke mokhoa o matla ka ho fetisisa oa metsi tlhahisong ea electroplating. Ka mor'a tanka e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ho pola, hangata ho na le mekhoa ea ho hlatsoa ho thibela likarolo tsa ho roala hore li se ke tsa kenya mokelikeli o setseng ho ea mekhoeng e meng le ho baka tšilafalo.
