Chii chinonzi electroplating?
Nemazwi akapfava, electroplating inoreva kuita kwe electrolytic mune mhinduro nerubatsiro rwekunze kwakananga ikozvino kuisa simbi kana alloy layer pamusoro pe conductor sesimbi.
Iyo inodaidzwa kuti electrolytic reaction inoreva "kushandiswa kwezvinoshamisira zvazvino kukonzeresa isiri-yakaitika REDOX reaction".
Chinhu chinogadziriswa pamusoro chinogona kunge chiri chesimbi (sesimbi) kana chisiri chesimbi (sepurasitiki).
Mhando dzekurapa kwepamusoro:
Plating, Electroplating, Auto-catalytic Plating, Chemical Plating, Electroless Plating, Electroless Plating, Anodizing, Chemical Conversion Coating, Dema, Phosphating, Chromating, Metal Colouring, Paint Finishing, Kupisa Dip (Galvanizing, Kupisa, Kupisa, Kupisa ,Ioni Plating, Chemical Vapor Deposition...
Maitiro e electroplating:
Pretreatment:
Usati waputira, pamusoro pekuputira, senge girisi kana guruva inofanira kucheneswa nemazvo. The pre-arapa danho rinowanzobatanidza kushandiswa kwekutanga alkaline descaling, magetsi descaling uye pickling kubvisa rind uye ngura, uye dzimwe nzira activation pamusoro. Iyo yega pre-kurapwa maitiro akagadzirwa zvinoenderana nerudzi rweplating uye inotevera plating maitiro. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvikamu zvekurovera zvakaita sealuminium, simbi isina tsvina kana ABS glue zvinoda kumwe kwakakosha pretreatment.
Kupisa-dip degreasing:
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwe alkali uye saponification yemafuta e saponification kubvisa tsvina yesimbi uye oxides, iyo inofanira kunge iine wetting, kupinza, kupararira uye emulsification migumisiro.
Zvinowanzoshandiswa: sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, gluconate uye silicate, etc. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza, phosphate system ichabviswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Inonyanya kushandisa alkaline simba kuisa kune akasiyana substrates.
Iyo inonzi interface inoshanda mumiriri ndiyo emulsifier, inogona kukamurwa kuita cationic, anionic, cationic uye isiri-ionic interface inoshanda mumiriri. Inofanirwa kuve nemhedzisiro yekupararira uye emulsification, kudzivirira mafuta anoyangarara pamusoro penzvimbo yakarapwa, kuderedza kubviswa, uye kuderedza dambudziko rekuzowacha.
Electrolytic degreasing:
Nekuda kwe electrolysis, iyo cathode inoburitsa hydrogen kuderedza simbi (stainless simbi ndiro), uye anode inoburitsa okisijeni uye oxidize tsvina (zvikamu); Iyo gasi inotyaira chiito chinomutsa uye inobvisa tsvina. Basa re lye ndere saponify mafuta. Zvisinei, iyo cathode inogona kubudisa zvinhu hydrogenation, kutsauka kwazvino kunobereka siyana degreasing migumisiro, uye gasi uye mvura mhute inogadzirwa panguva imwe chete kukonzera muruzhinji ngozi uye kuputika ngozi, izvo zvinofanira kufungwa kana kushandisa.
Parizvino, kupisa-dip degreasing uye electrolytic degreasing inoshandiswa pamwechete. Unhu hwe electroplating yakanaka kana yakaipa, 50% zvinoenderana nekutanga kurapwa.
Activation:
General substrate activation inozivikanwawo se pickling, acid neutralization kana etching, zvichienderana nechigadzirwa uye zvinhu zviri kurapwa. Inogona kubvisa oxide uye munyu pamusoro simbi pamusoro, kuitira kuti simbi pamusoro zviri nyore kuvhara pamwe rinotevera electroplating simbi. Nekudaro, zvinodikanwa kunyatso sarudza yakakodzera asidhi uye corrosion inhibitor kuti udzivise kukukurwa kwakanyanya kweiyo substrate, zvichikonzera kunotevera matambudziko e electroplating.
Electroplating:
Electroplating inzira yekuisa simbi yakatetepa pamusoro peiyo conductor kushongedza plating kana kudzivirira ngura. Yakajairika simbi electroplating muHong Kong inosanganisira nickel, mhangura, ndarira, chromium, zingi, sirivheri negoridhe. Pamusoro pe electroplating, iyo yakajairika simbi yepasi kurapwa ndeye electroplating, anodizing uye pendi.
Copper plating:
Kunyanya mu cyanide bath, sulfuric acid yekugezera uye pyrophosphoric acid yekugezera. Iyo cyanide yekugezera yakakodzera simbi uye zinc alloy substrate plating. Neakakodzera gloss agent, yakatsetseka gloss coating inogona kuwanikwa. Kufanana kwekuputira kwakanaka, iyo plating solution kugadzikana yakashandiswa kwemakore mazhinji, asi mhinduro yeplating ine yakawanda yecyanide yakakwira toxicity, kudhura kwakanyanya kwekuchenesa mvura yetsvina, mukuwedzera kune roll plating uye pre-plating yakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Sulfuric acid yekugezesa ine akakodzera ekuwedzera, yakakwira kuzadza uye gloss, mutengo wakaderera, manejimendi nyore, mutengo wakaderera wekurasa mvura yemarara, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhodhi edunhu, zvekushongedza, electroforming nemimwe minda.
Pyrophosphoric acid yekugezera ine yakakodzera additives. Inoshandiswa mumabhodhi edunhu. Nekudaro, kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina kunonetsa, kuwedzera kune zinc alloy pasi plating, kuti itsiviwa ne sulfuric acid yekugezera.
Nickel plating:
Kunyanya sulfuric acid yekugezera, Vaz yekugezera semumiriri wayo, mutengo wakaderera weplating solution, manejimendi ari nyore, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana dzeindasitiri uye yekushongedza zvinangwa, zvemagetsi zvikamu uye electroforming zvinodiwa, sulfenic acid yekugezera ine kuderera kushushikana, yakakwira ductility, chisimbiso chiri nani. uye yakakwira yekumisikidza formula, yakatsiva zvishoma sulfuric acid yekugezera.
Hunhu hwekupenya uye kupfava kwenickel coating inonyanya kutsamira pane nickel additives.
General nickel plating additives inogona kukamurwa kuita BRIGHTENER, CARRIER uye WETTING mumiririri. Kuwanda uye kuwanda kwemvura yakawedzerwa zvinoenderana nekushata kweiyo substrate, ukobvu hunodiwa, uye kupenya kunodiwa uye flatness. Mhinduro yeplating inofanira kuongororwa uye kuwedzerwa nguva dzose kuchengetedza kushanda kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukugadzirisa kugadzirisa kuchengetedza kunaka kwekuputira.
Gild:
Kunyanya mubhati yecyanide, yakakamurwa kuita alkaline, isina kwayakarerekera uye acidic. Pamusoro peiyoni yegoridhe (inowanzozivikanwa segoridhe munyu), mushonga weplating unofanirwa kunge uine munyu unotungamira, munyu wakadzikama conductive (buffer salt), gloss agent; Mukuwedzera, iyo gloss agent inogona kukamurwa kuita organic uye alloy additives.
Goridhe munyu: goridhe cyanide potassium, kupa chiwedzere chekunaya kwegoridhe, saka kana goridhe-yakapfatwa, anode inowanzove yakagomara anode.
Conductive munyu: inopa conductive mhedzisiro mune yeplating mhinduro.
Balanced conductive munyu: kupa acid-base chiyero mubhati, conductive mhedzisiro.
Gloss agent (organic): kupa kupenya uye flatness.
Gloss agent (alloy): inopa shanduko yemavara, kuoma kwekushandisa.
Iyo homogeneity yekugezesa alkaline yakanaka, uye hazvisi nyore kueutectoid nesimbi-yakafanana nekusachena. Iyo yekugezera yekusarerekera inogona kuve eutectosed kuita alloy coating. Acid yekugezera inogona zvakare kugadzira alloy coating, gobvu plating, ine zvirinani yekuisa chisimbiso pfuma, kuomarara uye kupfeka kuramba kwakanakisa, kunyanya yakakodzera kune zvemagetsi zvikamu zvinodiwa.
Postprocessing:
Basa guru remashure ekurapwa nderokuomesa plating uye kuita kuongorora kwekupedzisira. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, workpiece inoda kuchinjwa kana kupendwa mushure me electroplating kuti ipe chidziviriro chekudzivirira.
Kurapwa kwemufirimu zvakare isarudzo yekuchengetedza iyo yekuputira isingachinjiki uye kukukurwa kubva mukusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, kungwarira kunofanira kutorwa kudzivisa zvinetso mukurapwa kunotevera. Vazhinji post-processing, vanofanira kubvuma munyu pfapfaidzo, asidhi chigadziko, tembiricha uye mimwe miedzo, kunyanya anokosha simbi zvigadzirwa, zvinodiwa vari kuwedzera kuomarara.
Chenesa:
Kuchenesa ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandisa mvura mukugadzira electroplating. Mushure mega ega tangi yekuputira, panowanzo kuve neseti yekugeza nzira dzekudzivirira plating zvikamu kubva kutakura zvakasara mumvura mune mamwe maitiro uye kukonzera kusvibiswa.
