Menene electroplating?
A cikin sauƙi, electroplating yana nufin halayen electrolytic a cikin wani bayani tare da taimakon waje kai tsaye don saka wani karfe ko alloy Layer a saman madubi kamar karfe.
Abin da ake kira halayen electrolytic yana nufin "amfani da halin yanzu don haifar da amsawar REDOX maras lokaci".
Abubuwan da ake yi wa saman na iya zama ƙarfe (kamar ƙarfe) ko mara ƙarfe (kamar filastik).
Nau'in jiyya na saman:
Plating, Electroplating, Auto-catalytic Plating, Chemical Plating, Electroless Plating, Electroless Plating, Electroless Plating, Anodizing, Chemical Conversion shafi, Blackening, Phosphating, Chromate, Karfe Colouring, Paint Kammala, zafi tsoma （Galvanizing,Vacuum Plating , ion Plating , Chemical Tururi Deposition ...
Hanyoyin electroplating:
Magani:
Kafin plating, dole ne a tsaftace saman platin, kamar maiko ko ƙura da kyau. Matakin farko na jiyya yawanci ya haɗa da yin amfani da ɓarkewar alkaline na farko, rarrabuwar wutar lantarki da tsinke don cire fata da tsatsa, da sauran hanyoyin kunna ƙasa. An tsara tsarin jiyya na mutum ɗaya bisa ga nau'in plating da tsarin plating na gaba. Bugu da kari, wasu sassa plating kamar aluminum, bakin karfe ko ABS manne na bukatar wasu pretreatment na musamman.
Rage tsotsa mai zafi:
Yana da yafi amfani da alkali da saponification na saponification man cire karfe surface datti da oxides, wanda dole ne a yi wetting, shigar azzakari cikin farji, watsawa da emulsification effects.
Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su: sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, gluconate da silicate, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, saboda matsalolin muhalli, tsarin phosphate zai kasance a hankali. Yawanci yana amfani da ƙarfin alkaline don yin amfani da su daban-daban.
Abin da ake kira dubawa mai aiki mai aiki shine emulsifier, za a iya raba shi zuwa cationic, anionic, cationic da mara amfani mai aiki mai aiki. Ya kamata ya sami tasirin tarwatsawa da emulsification, kauce wa man da ke iyo a saman da aka kula da shi, rage cirewa, da rage matsalolin wankewa na gaba.
Electrolytic degenreasing:
Saboda electrolysis, da cathode samar hydrogen don rage karfe (bakin karfe farantin), da anode samar da oxygen da oxidizes datti (sassa); Gas yana motsa aikin motsa jiki kuma yana kawar da datti. Ayyukan lye shine saponify mai. Duk da haka, cathode na iya samar da hydrogenation na kayan abu, ƙetare na yanzu yana haifar da lalacewa daban-daban, kuma iskar gas da hazo da aka haifar a lokaci guda suna haifar da haɗarin jama'a da haɗarin fashewa, wanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da lokacin amfani.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da rage zafi mai zafi da kuma lalatawar electrolytic tare. Ingancin electroplating yana da kyau ko mara kyau, 50% ya dogara da pre-jiyya.
Kunnawa:
Gabaɗaya kunna substrate kuma ana kiranta pickling, neutralization acid ko etching, dangane da samfur da kayan da ake jiyya. Yana iya cire oxide da gishiri a saman karfe, don haka saman karfe yana da sauƙi don rufewa tare da karfe na electroplating na gaba. Duk da haka, ya zama dole a hankali zabar acid ɗin da ya dace da mai hana lalata don guje wa yashwar ƙasa da yawa, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin electroplating na gaba.
Electrolating:
Electroplating shine tsari na ajiye wani sirara na ƙarfe a saman madubin don yin ado da platin ko hana tsatsa. Ƙarfe na yau da kullun na lantarki a Hong Kong ya haɗa da nickel, jan karfe, tagulla, chromium, zinc, azurfa da zinariya. Baya ga electroplating, da na kowa karfe surface jiyya ne electroplating, anodizing da kuma zanen.
Rufe tagulla:
Musamman a cikin wanka na cyanide, wanka na sulfuric acid da wanka na pyrophosphoric acid. Gidan wanka na cyanide ya dace da baƙin ƙarfe da zinc alloy substrate plating. Tare da wakilin mai sheki mai dacewa, za'a iya samun sutura mai laushi mai laushi. Daidaitaccen suturar sutura yana da kyau, an yi amfani da kwanciyar hankali na plating na tsawon shekaru da yawa, amma bayani na plating ya ƙunshi mai yawa cyanide high toxicity, high kudin da sharar gida magani, ban da mirgine plating da pre-plating an hankali maye gurbinsu.
Sulfuric acid wanka tare da abubuwan da suka dace, babban cikawa da mai sheki, ƙarancin farashi, sauƙin gudanarwa, ƙarancin jiyya na sharar gida, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin allunan kewayawa, kayan ado, electroforming da sauran filayen.
Pyrophosphoric acid wanka tare da dacewa additives. Ana amfani da su a allon kewayawa. Koyaya, maganin sharar gida yana da wahala, baya ga plating na ƙasan zinc, wanda za'a maye gurbinsa da wanka na sulfuric acid.
Nickel plating:
Yafi sulfuric acid wanka, Vaz wanka a matsayin wakilinsa, low cost na plating bayani, sauki management, yadu amfani da iri-iri na masana'antu da kuma ado dalilai, ga lantarki sassa da electroforming bukatun, sulfenic acid wanka tare da low danniya, high ductility, mafi sealing. da babban tsarin maida hankali, ya maye gurbin wanka na sulfuric acid.
Kaddarorin sheki da kwanciyar hankali na murfin nickel sun dogara ne akan abubuwan da ake ƙara nickel.
Za'a iya raba abubuwan da ake ƙara nickel plating gabaɗaya zuwa BRIGHTENER, CARRIER da wakilin WETTING. Mitar da adadin ruwa da aka ƙara ya dogara ne akan rashin ƙarfi na ƙasa, kauri da ake so, da sheki da ake buƙata. Ya kamata a yi nazarin bayani na plating da kuma ƙarawa akai-akai don kula da tasiri mai mahimmanci na kowane bangare a cikin maganin plating don kula da ingancin sutura.
Gild:
Yafi a cikin wanka na cyanide, raba zuwa alkaline, tsaka tsaki da acidic. Bugu da ƙari, ions na zinariya (wanda aka fi sani da gishiri na zinariya), maganin plating ya kamata ya ƙunshi gishiri mai sarrafawa, gishiri mai daidaitawa (gishirin buffer), wakili mai sheki; Bugu da ƙari, ana iya raba wakili mai sheki zuwa kwayoyin halitta da ƙari.
Gishiri na zinari: potassium cyanide na zinari, don samar da kari ga hazo na zinare, don haka idan aka yi zinare, anode yawanci anode ne.
Gishiri mai ɗaukar nauyi: yana ba da tasiri mai tasiri a cikin maganin plating.
Daidaitaccen gishiri mai daidaitawa: don samar da ma'auni na acid-base a cikin wanka, tasirin gudanarwa.
Wakilin mai sheki (kwayoyin halitta): don samar da sheki da lebur.
Wakilin mai sheki (alloy): yana ba da canjin launi, taurin don amfani.
The homogeneity na alkaline wanka yana da kyau, kuma ba sauki eutectoid tare da karfe-kamar ƙazanta. A tsaka tsaki wanka za a iya eutectosed don samar da gami shafi. Acid wanka kuma iya samar da gami shafi, lokacin farin ciki plating, tare da mafi sealing dukiya, taurin da lalacewa juriya ne m, musamman dace da lantarki sassa bukatun.
Bayan aiwatarwa:
Babban aikin bayan jiyya shine bushe plating da yin bincike na ƙarshe. A wasu lokuta, aikin aikin yana buƙatar canzawa ko fenti bayan yin amfani da wutar lantarki don samar da Layer na kariya.
Maganin fina-finai kuma zaɓi ne don kiyaye abin rufe fuska da juriya ga canza launi da zaizayarwa daga gurɓataccen muhalli. Duk da haka, dole ne a kula don kauce wa matsaloli a magani na gaba. Mutane da yawa post-aiki, dole ne yarda da gishiri fesa, acid tushe, high zafin jiki da sauran gwaje-gwaje, musamman m karfe kayayyakin, da bukatun suna ƙara stringent.
Tsaftace:
Tsaftacewa ita ce hanya mafi yawan ruwa a cikin samar da lantarki. Bayan kowane tanki na plating, yawanci ana samun tsarin hanyoyin wankewa don hana sassauƙan ruwa daga ɗaukar ragowar ruwa zuwa wasu hanyoyin da haifar da gurɓatawa.
